1. Titanium properties

The periodic table  je4Ajog-e gwanhan  a metallic element
Element symbol : Ti 
Atomic number : 22 
Atomic weight : 47.90 
Melting point : 1675℃ 
A boiling point : 3260℃ 
Specific gravity : 4.50(20℃) 

It is also called titanium. In 1789, W. Greger of England extracted a new oxide from ferrous 砂鐵 from Cornwall. Later, in 1995, M.H. Klaproth from Germany discovered a new metal element in a Hungarian golden stone(金紅石) and named it titanium after the god(Titanes) in Greek mythology. Pure metals were first isolated (單離) by M.A. Hunter in 1910.

【 Presence 】 There were cases where it was thought to be a rare element in the past, but due to its high presence in the earth's (地殼) it is ranked 9th with Clark's number of 0.46, and is second only to magnesium. It is very widely distributed, and about 0.6% of titanium oxide is usually present in the soil. In addition, it is contained in a small amount in igneous rocks in the earth's crust. The main ores are rutyl (gold ore), titanium iron, pantitic stone, anatase stone(銳錐石), and perovskite stone. In addition, ferrous iron contains titanium.

2. Titanium Overview

It is a silver-white metal, and pure is an important industrial metal because it has electron(展性) · softness(延性), can be trained by heating, and has corrosion resistance(耐腐蝕性).

There are two types of crystals: α-type and β-type, and α-type is stable at room temperature. α-type belongs to the hexagonal system (六方晶系), and at 882°C or higher, it becomes β-type, which is an isometric system (赤熱). When it is cold to harden 4.0, it is extremely vulnerable and can be made into powder, or it can be made into a line in a red heat (等軸晶系) state.

The strength is almost the same as that of carbon steel, and the strength ratio to self-weight is about twice that of self-reverence(自重) and about six times that of aluminum. In addition, thermal conductivity and thermal expansion coefficient are small, and the change in strength is small at 400°C or less. It is stable in air, but becomes titanium oxide when heated in oxygen. It reacts when heated with halogen, and it dissolves less easily in acid than iron. In seawater, it is resistant to corrosion (耐蝕性) than platinum. It makes many metals and alloys.

Titanium is the fourth most abundant metal resource, accounting for 0.6% of the earth's crust. Among the raw ore, it has industrial value They are ruttle (TIO2. -60% Ti) and titanium steel (llmenlte, TIO2. Feo. -20% Ti).


3. Characteristics and uses of titanium

Characteristics of titanium		purpose
Excellent corrosion resistance	The corrosion resistance of titanium is particularly noteworthy. The corrosion resistance of the metal is caused by forming a protective film of an oxide that is difficult to decompose. The corrosion of titanium is uniform and there is little evidence of indentation or other severe localized occurrence. Normally, it is not subjected to stress corrosion, fatigue corrosion, standing corrosion, or electric corrosion. The corrosion resistance of titanium is superior to that of stainless steel and copper alloys in a number of use conditions, and in particular, it has corrosion resistance comparable to that of platinum in seawater. Therefore, titanium is used as an indispensable material in high-temperature, high-pressure, and steel corrosion environments. In particular, it is strong against chlorine ions and has complete corrosion resistance to seawater.	a heat exchanger
Non-toxic	Titanium is a metal that is harmless enough to the human body to be used for transplantation of body tissues such as heart valves and artificial bones, and has recently been widely used in the medical and jewelry fields.	Artificial bones, root, heart stool
Lightweight	Its specific gravity is between iron and aluminum, and it is about 60% lighter than stainless steel.	an aircraft engine
High strength	pure titanium30~75kgf/㎟(275~735 Mpa), titanium alloy 60~160kgf/It has a tensile strength of ㎟ (620 to 1800 MPa) and has the maximum specific strength among practical metals up to 500°C.
Rich elasticity	Longitudinal elastic modulus approximately 50% of stainless steel	Golf Club Head. Spring
Low temperature no Change	Neither pure titanium nor titanium alloys are brittle even at cryogenic temperatures.	a liquid oxygen tank
low thermal conductivity	It has a thermal conductivity of about 8% of aluminum, which is the same as stainless steel.	tool for metal molten metal
Easy to increase the temperature	heat capacity of about 60% of stainless steel	Pot, frying pan
A small rate of heat shrinkage	Thermal expansion rate, approximately 50% of stainless steel	Building materials and semiconductor manufacturing equipment
High electrical resistance	It has excellent resistance weldability with 30 times the electrical resistance of copper.	seam welding of roofing etc
the state of being extremely weak in magnetism	the rate of investment 1.00005	Electronic devices (steppers) etc
Superconducting properties	Expression as Ti-Nb-based alloy	a superconducting generator, a magnetic levitation train
Human friendliness	Less ions are eluted in the body. Less toxic	Artificial bones, root, heart stool
Human friendliness	Excellent inhibitory effect against metal allergies	a watch, a neckline
hydrogen storage characteristics	Ti-Fe  Expression as an alloy	a hydrogen gas supply
Have a short half-life of radiation	It has a shorter half-life than iron, nickel and chromium.	radioactive waste disposal, containment containers
Incombustibility	Recognized as non-combustible (recognition number NM-8596)	be alive and well, remain undiminished
Advanced image	Used in cases such as high-end cameras or PCs	High-end camera, PC case
Have a good coloring property	Color development is possible by anodizing	Monument
Chemical activity	Because it is chemically active, it is easy to react with oxygen or nitrogen.
wear resistance	Pure titanium does not wear easily .HV (Vickers hardness) is less than 110 for the JIS1 type. The JIS2 type is more than 110-155, and the JIS60 type (6-4 alloy) is more than 280.

standard		Chemical composition(%)							mechanical properties
JIS	ASTM	TITANIUM	Fe	C	O	Al	V	Pd	tensile strength (㎏f/㎟)	history (㎏f/㎟)	Shinsyul(%)
Type 1	Grade1	Min99.8	Max0.2	Max0.1	Max0.15				28~42	≥17	≥27
Type 2	Grade2	Min99.7	0.25	0.1	0.2				35~52	≥22	≥23
Type 3	Grade3	Min99.6	0.25	0.1	0.3				49~63	≥35	≥18
Type 5	Grade5	Min88	0.4	0.1	0.2	5.5~6.75	3.5~4.5		≥91	≥77	≥10
Type 11	Grade11	Min99	0.2	0.1	0.15			0.12~0.25	28~42	≥17	≥27

Sortation	Rating	Characteristics	Main purpose
Pure	Grade 1	Low strength, soft and soft, suitable for press molding (especially deep drawing)	plate heat converter
Titanium	Grade 2	Optimal combination of Pure Titanium strength and weldability, most commonly used for chemical and general industrial applications	pipe
pure titanium	Grade 3	high strength	Tube heat exchanger, pressure resistant exterior plate
pure titanium	Grade 4	Light grade used for spring and contact point	flight
Titanium	Grade 5	Titanium Alloy Produces the Most	Air, seabed, early use for biological purposes, causing dementia in AL, and cytotoxicity in V are currently unavailable to the human body
Alloy	(Ti-6AI-4V)	Alloy containing aluminum (AL) and vanadium (V) for high tension and fatigue resistance, high strength, high heat resistance	Air, seabed, early use for biological purposes, causing dementia in AL, and cytotoxicity in V are currently unavailable to the human body
titanium alloy	Grade 7(Ti-0.15Pd)	Alloy with a small amount of palladium (Pd) for enhanced corrosion resistance. High corrosion resistance	chemistry
titanium alloy	Grade 9(Ti-3AI-2.5V)	High strength + high corrosion resistance	a water-pressure pipe
titanium alloy	Grade 11	Similar to Grade 7	an undersea exploration
titanium alloy	Grade 12 (Ti-0.3Mo-0.8Ni)	Higher heat resistance than Pure Titanium	Tube heat exchanger, pressure resistant exterior plate
titanium alloy	Grade 23(Ti-6AI-4V ELI)	ELI stands for Extra Low Interest, and it is a material that has extremely few elements (intrusive solid solution elements) such as O, Fe, and C.	Biomedical materials (dental artificial teeth, implants, artificial joints, artificial bones, bone plates, etc.)